The aim of this paper is to propose a state of knowledge on the castral architecture and protection of the religious establishments founded by the Hospitallers of St. John of Jerusalem in southwestern France from the twelfth to the end of the fifteenth century. The archaeological traces of a fortification implemented from the foundation of the houses in the twelfth and thirteenth cent... https://www.roneverhart.com/L-Homme-Ideal-Cologne-by-Guerlain/